Current World Environment

Introduction

Sailu is considered to be the oldest and religious city in parbhani district of Marathwada region in Maharashtra, Sailu city is situated near Dudhana river. A Femous Temple of "Keshavraj Babasaheb Maharaj" is situated in middle of sailu city. Who was Guru of Shirdis Sai baba.

The residents of Sailu tehsil usually use water form bore-well for drinking and domestic purposes.There is a huge variation in the concentration of dirrrent species due to factors like depth, diffrent land, under groundwater conditions, rain conditions etc. The present work attempts to evaluate the quality of groundwater in sailu Tehsil of Parbhani district for potability.

Materials

Material Used

In the Present study Ten groundwater (borewell) samples were collected from diffrent sites of Sailu tehsil in brown glass bottles with necessary precautions and preserved as per the recommended procedures.¹ All the Chemicals used were of AR grade, Glass ware used were of ‘A’ grade. Double distilled water was used through out the work to prepare standard solution.²

Methods

Exactly 500 ml of each water sample was taken in clean, dry separating funnel. Exactly 25 ml of Isobutylmethylketone (IBMK) and 2 ml of Ammoniumpyrolidinedithiocarbomate (APDC3) were added. The soluction was shaken well, for 20 minutes and allowed for separation of organic and aqueous layer. Aqueous layer was discarded out. To the organic layer, 1ml of 50% HNO₃ was addded and allowed to settle and further the aqueous layer was collected and preserved for analysis of trace metals. Theaqueous extract was made up to 25 ml, using D.D. water and analysed for heavy metal by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer¹
 

Table 1: Heavy metal analysis in ground water samples of Sailu Teshil Click here to view table

Results and Discussion

Heavy metals are the major category of toxic pollutants, distrubuted in water bodies, which have been extracted from earths curst. The results obtained during the present investigation are tabulated in Table 1.

1. Cadmium - Is a rare element. It is considered to be one among the environmentally hazardus metal, because of its high toxicity and grater capability of accumulation and retension in the body of organism including human. In the present study, the Cadmium concentration ranges from 15 to 29 PPb, values are higher than permissible limit 10 PPb WHO.⁴
2. Chromium - It is naturally occusing element which is essential for good health I.e. synthesis of fat from gluose and also for the oxidation of fat to Co2 In ground water chromium ranges from 8 to 16 PPb ,some values are higher than permissible limit 10
3. PPb according to WHO it is due to sewage in the study area. Lead- It is highly toxic, the high concentration in potable water may causes cancer and blood pressure. High values in study area may be due to rain water run off, iffluents and house holds sewage stagnation in and around study area and unplaned drainage system. The values ranges form 10 to 60 PPb below permissible limit 100 PPb according to WHO.
4. Arsenic - It is well known Carcinogen. It is combine to nature by weathering reaction, biological activities and valcanic emission as well as anthropogenic activities. In the present study area arsenic ranges from 10 to 20 PPb. It is higher than the permissible limit.
5. Copper - It is widely distributed heavy metal on earth crust. Total annual anthropogenic discharge of copper to surface water range from 35 x 103 to 90 x 103 metric tons per year.copper ranges from 20 to 106 PPb most of them are with in the permissible limit (100 PPb).High concentration of copper though water may causes epigastic buring, vomiting and diarrhoea.
6. Zinc - It is essential metal which invloved in synthesis of RNA and DNA. The total amount of Zinc discharged in the fresh water from anthropogenic Sources is estimated to be 77 to 373 x 103 metric tons per year. It is ranges from 20 to 150 PPb in the study area with in permissible limit.
7. Mercury - It is toxic element and serves no physiological functions in man I. e non essential element. The mercury ranges from 0 to 1 PPb which is in the permissible limit accroding to WHO.

Acknowledgements

We are thankful to principal Dr.R.S. Agrawal, Dr.S.M.Deshpande Head of department, Jalna Education Socitys, R.G.Bagedia Arts , S.B. Lakhotia Commerce and R.Bezonji Science, College, Jalna for providing necessary facilities and help for the present work.

References
 

1. American Society for Testing materials, Annual Book of ASTM, Standard,Part-23, ASTM - Phifadelphia (1972).
2. Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis 2nd edn , A.I.Vogel, 191, Longman and Green Co, London (1985).
3. BIS, Bureau of Indian standards specifications for drinking water, IS, 10500, New Delhi, India (1991).
4. World Health organisation, WHO, Environmental Health criteria for cadmium (1974).