Current World Environment

Introduction

Environment is deraged due of man’s economic exploitation. Water is vital for existence of all life forms and is essential for all activities of human being. The valuable resource of groundwater is infect depleting and has great demand for drinking purpose.

Groundwater is highly susceptible to pollution form natural as well anthropogenic activities. Development activities in major sector, such an industries, agricultural etc. are polluting surface and groundwater bodies I.e. also affecting water quality.

Bhopal is the capital of Madhya Pradesh. It is situated at 32’16 N latitude and 77’26’ E longitude on hard pink red sandstone of vindhyan region. Water sample of bore-wells water were collected is 2 litre clean jerry cane after flushing and pumping the hand pumps to analyze.

Throughout the world, there is an increasing interest in the quality of gourndwater’s which is degraded by human activities, over pumping and by some geological changes. Municipal and domestics sewage water when enter into aquifer or by percolation can pollute and deteriorate the water quality. Hence it becomes very important to assess and analyze the water regularly. The major sources of pollution are human, animal, industrial and agricultural activities and domestic wastes. The present district of Bhopal was carved out of sehore district in 1972 with population of 10,63,662 (1991) census and out of this about 78,000 population is living in the Kolar area of Bhopal.

Materials and Methods

Bhopal is the capital of M.P. The average rain fall recorded is about 1156 mm/yr. Samplings of bore-wells of kolar road areas (i) Kolar Guest house BW₂ Chuna Bhatti BW₃-Sterling homes BW4 Shalimar park, BW₅- Sarva Dharma, BW₆- Beema Kunj. BW7- Danish Kunj BW₈-vinnet Kunj BW9-Nayapura Bus stand has been chosen for present study. samples have in 2004-05 The methoeds applied for analysis are usually followed as prescribe by NEERI (1986).

Pre-sterlized bottles were used for the collection of D.O and B.O.D samples. Temperature, pH of the samples was measured in the sampling stations. The water samples have preserved to determined D.O., B.O.D the test of the samples were analyzed is Laboratory.
 

Table - 1: Physico-chemical characteristics of bore-well water of Kolar road area of Bhopal

Results and Discussion

The result are summarized in Table -1. In the present study, temperature varied from 20.8 to 33.1°C. Temperature of water influences the biological reactions in water. Higher values of temperature accelearted the chemical reaction in water. pH indicates the intensity of acidity. pH ranged from 6.8-7.5 Electrical conducts are of water samples ranged from 280-980 umhos/cm measure the dissolbe ions and it is the capacity to carry an electrical charge, both number of ions, Minimum value was noted at BW2 & higer value at BW7, free CO₂ranged from 5.8-28.4ppm at BW5 and BW3 Groundwater is rich in CO₂ because it comes for percolation through various strata and absorbs a large amount of free CO₂. In this study chloride total alkalinity, Total hardness, Ca-H and Mg-H has ranged from 19.4, 126.50-22.6-336, 103.8-386, 70-312 and 33.8-74 ppm respectively at different sampling stations. Higher values of alkalinity were due to leaching of soil during natural filration of water from sewage. The findings are similar with Kataria and Jain (1995-96).

D.O., B.O.D and C.O.D ranged from 1.08-3.82, 0.84-3.98, 5.8-766 ppm at different sampling stations. B.O.D is the amount of D.O required to stabilize the biodegradable organic matter by micro-organisms of water under aerobic conditions. Higher B.O.D values may attribute to the stagnations of water body leading to the absence of self- purification cycle. Increase of C.O.D values are due to the pollution of input Zones. Kataria (1996, 2000). Nitrate concentration in ground water is due to leaching of nitrate with percloation of water. In the persent study nitrate ranged rom 0.40-23.8 ppm were well within the premissinle limit. Sulphate is an important constituent of hardness with Ca&Mg. Excess amount of sulphate in water has cathartic effect of human health (Rangwala KS., and Rangwala PS 1927, it ranged form 12.40-46.8 ppm. In this - study MPN count by incoculation of appropriate volume of a number of tubes of medium (Mcconky broth) 10,1 ,0.1 ml of samples in 3 sets of 5 test tube containing 10ml of medium was inoculted. MPN ranged from 10-380 Index/100ml in this study) i.e. similar to khatri and tambekar (2003). Most of the parameters ar found with in the premissinle limits recommended by WHO (1987) while MPN are found beyond the limits of ISI (1983). Hence water samples analysed in the present study were found suitable for drinking purpose after proper required treatment.

Acknowledgements

The first author is highly grateful to EPCO, Bhopal and MPCST, Bhopal for providing laboratory and library facilities as required.

References
 

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