Current World Environment

Climate Change’s Impact on Water Resources, Chak Watershed, Afghanistan

Naqiburahman Rahmani¹ ^* , Homayoun Khoshnod² , Deva Pratap³ and Venkata Reddy Keesara³

¹ Faculty of Remote Sensing and GIS, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana India

² Faculty of Hydraulic structure in Integrated Water Resources Management, Kabul Polytechnic University (KPU), Kabul, Afghanistan

³ Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Remote Sensing and GIS, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana India

Corresponding author Email: naqibrahman3@gmail.com

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/CWE.20.3.28

Abstract

The Chak River basin, also known as a watershed, is one of the most important river basins in Afghanistan, particularly in terms of its location and economy. However, with the increasing population and rapid industrial growth in this basin, an analysis is needed to address climate change scenarios. Climatic variables such as temperature, and rainfall are the most important variables that influence the hydrological process. The impact of these variables on hydrology at the basin level is important for the efficient organization of water incomes. Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) a semi-distributed model, is used in this study to simulate and analyze changes in the hydrological events of the Chak basin, due to climate change, and predict the future flow. Model calibration and sensitivity are performed using the SUFI2 optimization algorithm and the best performance metrics have been obtained using Kling-Gupta efficiency (KGE) as the objective function to calibrate the monthly flow of the outlet. It is observed that the maximum monthly temperature is decreasing by 1.8 ° C in March and from July to October. The minimum monthly temperature is decreasing by 2.7 ° C from May to August in the basin. The precipitation in March shows an increasing trend from 50 mm to 132 mm and stream flow from 48cum to 130cum during the period 2022-2050 which we got from RCP scenarios. The result describes that the basin faces significant transformations in its water equilibrium and hydrology due to future climate change.

Keywords

Afghanistan; BCC-CSM1.1; CCSM4; Climate change; Chak Watershed; SWAT; SWAT Cup

Copy the following to cite this article:

Rahmani N, Khoshnod H, Pratap D, Keesara V. R. Climate Change’s Impact on Water Resources, Chak Watershed, Afghanistan. Curr World Environ 2025;20(3). DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/CWE.20.3.28

Copy the following to cite this URL:

Rahmani N, Khoshnod H, Pratap D, Keesara V. R. Climate Change’s Impact on Water Resources, Chak Watershed, Afghanistan. Curr World Environ 2025;20(3).

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