Current World Environment

Introduction

Due to rapid industrialization it lead to air pollution. Beside that out unplanned and excessive exploitation of available natural recourses have been also a causing for pollution problem in major cities line Bhopal Capital of Madhya Pradesh. Air pollution is mainly affecting the urban environment all over the world. (Ledder better 1973 and Painter 1974). Although ambient air quality is being monitored regularly in the city are of study. The main problem of pollution is due to the industrial units are located close to residential pollution. Emission form such industrial units may exert hazardous effects which is compounded by automobiles emission (Sundaresan 1991).

Mandideep as an industrial growth center developed by AKVN where, over 60 medium and Large Scale Units are running successfully. It includes mainly Chemical, Electro graphite, Dyes Plastic and Rubber Industries etc.

Material and Methods

The main objective of ambient air quality monitoring (AAQM) is to assess the existing ambient Level of air pollution. The SPM, SO₂ and NO₂ concentration were observed at 7 sampling station in September and December 98 and February and April 1999. These stations were located in different direction and were at distance from 0.5 to 5.0 Km form the plant premises. The parameter chosen for AAQM were suspended particular matte (SPM), Sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and Nitrogen dioxide.

Sample were collected round the clock during survey period. The gaseous pollutant SO₂ and NO₂ were collected on 8 hourly. For simultaneous particulate and gaseous sampling a tapping was provided in the hopper of the Hi-vol. Sampler for creating necessary suction head. The sample of gases were drawn at 0.5 Lit/min. flow rate. The samples were analysed as per standard method.
 

Table - 1: Particulate pollution level in ambient air concentration of suspended particulate matter (SPM μg/M³) Click here to view table

SPM samples were collected with Hi-vol., samples operated at the rate 1.5 M³/min. The ambient SPM concentration were determined by collecting the particulate matter for 24 Hrs. on a pre-weighed glass fiber of 20 × 25 size and re-weighed after sampling. In order to avoid humidity factor and other material losses. The filter paper were always oven dried at 80°C and kept in desiccators before weighing. The SPM results are reported monogram before weighing. The SPM results are reported monogram per cubic meter of air drawn through filter (µg/m3).

Sulfur dioxide (SO₂) was measured by using wet Chemical method devised as per reference EPA methods, which is a modification of west and Gaeke.

Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) was collected by bubbling air through Sodium Hydroxide, Sodium arsenite solution to form a stable solution of sodium nitrate. The nitrate ion produced, sulronamide.1 Nepthyle elthylene diamine diahydrochloride to form an A₂O dye and then determined calorimetrically at 550mm
 

Table - 2: SO2 level in ambient air concentration of SO2 (SPM μg/M³) Click here to view table

Table - 3: NO2 level in ambient air concentration of NO2 (SPM μg/M³) Click here to view table

Results and Disussion

The observed value of SPM concentration at different sampling station are given in Table 1. A peak of SPM concentration of 283 mg/m³ was noted in December 98at higher secondary school (1Km NW) followed by that of 226 μg/M³ in April 99 for AKVN office compound (1.5 km) 206 µg/m³ in April 99 for Itaya (3 Kmg.E) of 166 μg/m³ in December 98 for Luppeir Laboratories (2.5 Km.NE) abd 127 µg/m³ in April 99 for Samardha (5 Km NE). Excepting at Higher Secondary School the SPM values at all places were followed to be maximum in April and minimum in September. The observed SO₂ concentration value of different locations are given in Table -2.

The sulfur dioxide concentration on the observed sites was measured in December 1988 and February and April 99. The minimum and maximum SO₂ levels including all the places were between 8.6 and 77 µg/m³. The highest values of 77 µg/m³ were recorded at AKVM office compound, but at other places the levels were very low and there was a indication of a seasonal variation in the pollutant concentration in the area of study. The observed values of concentration of NO₂ at different locations⁷ are given in Table -3.

In the persent study, it is clear that the minimum and maximum NO₂ levels including all places were between 6.0 and 22 µg/m³. The highest value of 22 µg/m³ NO₂ recorded at AKVN office compound but at places the levels were very low.

From the data on air quality in about 5Km radius around the plant premises. It can be concluded that the concentration of SPM, SO₂ and NO₂ were much below the standard laid down for these pollutants for industrial cum residential (mixed) area.

References